How to Start Your Academic Paper with an Incredible Hook

The first essay in the life of our imaginary friend Jake was dedicated to environmental problems and he started it with the following phrases: Nowadays, everybody should care about the preservation of nature. It is very important for all of us or the planet will be in trouble† The teacher praised him, but when he matriculated to the university he understood: this is a great example of a very poor start after which the reader will get bored in the first moment. People don’t like when they receive the obvious information as well as they hate the binding collocation â€Å"everybody should† they need something more catchy and enticing. And this is not only one way to make them sleep. That’s why you need some attention grabber which will hold them until the end of the paper. Not only advertising but any article, review or an academic essay becomes better if it has a hook. Sometimes we start to read some texts to see what comes next even without the interest to the covered topic. The other we close after 1 minute of reading. The reason is that in the first kind of essays the experienced writers skillfully set traps for us. You are able to do the same by: 1. Stating a Staggering Fact or Entertaining Statistics Numbers are work good in any text as well as little-known facts do. Statistics also can make the essay more convincing especially when you reinforce them by mentioning the source. Here and later I will provide examples for better understanding. Let’s get back to the topic of my first essay – the environment. In this case, the beginning could be followed by such hooks: â€Å"40% of all produced bottled water is actually bottled tap water according to the Ecology Global Network.† â€Å"The factories that produce toilet paper cut down 27,000 trees each day† 2. Providing Some Quotation from the Book or the Famous Person Utterance A great citation at the beginning sets the tone of the composition and makes the reader reflect on the problem. But be careful with quotes. It is better not to choose very popular or overused phrases. They will not arouse the person interest or even cause the irritation. Also, the utterance must be corresponding to the main idea of the essay. On Earth, there is no heaven but there are pieces of it Jules Renard â€Å"There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew.† Marshall McLuhan 3. Asking the Provocative Question Questions are good because the people got used responding to them unconsciously and it involves them in reading. Before asking the question you should be sure if it is intriguing enough not only to your mind but to every potential reader. The series of queries also will be efficient especially if you want to promote your idea and make the person agree with you in the end. It is proved that after 3 yes the reader will say it the fourth time without any difficulties. Few examples: â€Å"Isn’t it too late to save the Earth?† â€Å"Have you ever imagined what could happen with your city if every citizen threw the trash into the bins?† 4. Telling the Story or Sharing Own Experience Most people are prone to stories and read them eagerly. Especially it works when they see a lesson to be learned in the narrative. So, a little story expressed in the simple words can become your secret weapon to grab all the reader’s attention. It’s also great to dilute an academic paper with the easy-to-read inserts to let the reader have some rest between the heaps of scientific terms while you are writing the paper on the topic difficult to understand. You can also open a dialogue with the audience by telling some actuality from your life. Despite its a great way to create a truly engaging hook, it is better not to be used if the university forbids students to apply personal and possessive pronouns like I, you, mine in the papers. You still can share your experience but by avoiding those words at the same time. If you were attentive, you could notice that the article contains an example to this point at start. 5. Challenging Yourself with an Improbable Statement Start off with the misconception or with wrong opinion and the reader is already on your hook. People will have a stake in the continuation because they will simply wonder why you began the essay with a mistake. Also, you can challenge yourself and provide them with the opposite point of view first. This kind of statement takes a place of your imaginary opponent with whom you are going to argue and prove the trueness of your opinion. It may seem that such a move would only weaken the essay: the reader will not believe the author and agree with someone elses opinion. That’s why choose the opponent you could handle. Here the examples are: â€Å"Some people admit that we shouldn’t think about the future of our planet. Who cares if we live here and now?† â€Å"Genetically modified foods are awfully harmful to our bodies. But actually, this fact has long since been disproved by the scientists.† Find more hooks on the following picture: It is not necessary to use those hooks in the paper: you can discover the own way to draw the reader into your web. There are different types of essays to write so consider which one could be the most appropriate. Even if your hook is killing, don’t ruin the whole essay by giving poor arguments or providing the superficial analysis of the data. Write also an outline for the research paper and get prepared well for the tough but interesting job. Apply enough pressure and you will compose the decent essay of which you will be not ashamed even after a while.

Israel-Palestine Peace Process essays

Israel-Palestine Peace Process essays The ten-week-old conflict, which has caused as many as 300 deaths mostly by Israeli troops doesnt seem to end even after both the Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak issued public statements calling for end of violence in the Holy Land. On November 2, 2000, only hours after Palestinians and Israelis reached a tentative truce to end more than a month of violence, a car bomb went off near a popular outdoor market, killing two people. Since the outbreak of the second intifada, people around the world have witnessed many bloody scenes where people sacrifice their lives for their own justification of peace. Many people had a hard time believing their own eyes when viewing a photo shot of a father trying to protect his son from pouring bullets and another shot of a frightened 12-year-old boy killed as his father tried to shield him from Israeli bullets were released throughout the world. There are those who blame Ariel Sharon, the rightist Likud party leader for triggering the revolt by offending Palestinians. There are others who are questioning his intention of entering the Islamic holy compound Harm al Sharif known as the Temple Mount to Jews. There are also debates on whether the Palestinian reaction was spontaneous or orchestrated. However, asking such questions would be only scratching the surface, for the conflict has historically and emotionally deep roots that stem from centuries ago. The idea of peace in the Middle East has been fought over, discussed, caused physical battles, and political name-calling. The conflict caused by misunderstanding the will of God and the pride of man has been historys leitmotif since the beginning of recorded time. In certain parts of the world, that recurrent theme is more of a constant heartbeat. The historical rights to the land for the Jewish people are based on a covenant between Abraham and God. Therefore, overlooking thi...

Managing Workplace Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing Workplace Diversity - Essay Example However what happens is something that is totally out of the related contexts. People get harassed by a number of issues – gender based, racial, age wise or any other. However, for the sake of discussion regarding this paper, an important aspect of race has been pinpointed and the same has been elaborated upon within the workplace dimensions in the changing business scenarios of present times. The workplace diversity discussions therefore would be the prime objective here as these will be linked in close association with how the element of race is propagated, used, misused and later on philosophically handled for restoring the sanity of the organization. Definition of Workplace Diversity It is first and foremost to define what workplace diversity basically entails within it. ... Within a workplace realm, it is mandatory for the employers to bring about a culture that easily accepts people from different groups, communities and societies so to speak. This is because it will set a good precedent for the company under consideration, and give it the required mileage as and when needed. It will also tell the organization where it has to beef up on its diversity related aspects when there is a dire need to set things right, and bring about an iota of difference within the related ranks. Issues Surrounding Workplace Diversity Workplace diversity does have a number of issues that are brought under its aegis. When the employees are being shabbily treated due to their family or ancestral backgrounds, there is the important discussion of race which is brought to the fore (Cable & Yu, 2011). When there are impending issues due to age aspects of the employees, the age factor is given consideration and when there are gender related biases happening at the workplace, the e lement of gender is given more significance than can be thought of. What is absolutely abysmal is the view that all such problems are brought to the fore in one context or the other, whereby they hamper the smooth communication and interaction mechanisms which take place within an organization and create significant issues within the diversity that has thus been created all this while. In fact, this workplace diversity takes the backseat and the eventual beating at the hands of those employees who have evil or ulterior motives right from the very beginning. The communication domains within the organization are important because if the racial discriminatory aspects come to the fore, these could bring about serious anomalies within the organization. If the

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Religion - Essay Example I asked myself what had to be done to change it. I said Eureka when I read Liyakatali Takim’s article about interfaith dialogue in post 9-11. Takim describes that Muslim immigrants realized that they could not live in a secular society as an individual layer. They need to be inside the society so their voices could be heard; they need to talk to their fellow Christian and Jewish neighbor. I agree with Takim that interfaith dialogue could help building bridges between two religious groups; one group learns to respect another group’s religious belief and faith. I felt goose bumps when read that a local imam recited adhan (call to prayer) and led the prayer in the cathedral during an interfaith event at an Episcopalian church in Denver. I believe this was the highest form of spiritual experience that both Muslims and Christians enjoyed on that day. I agree that we can stop the 21st century’s witch-hunt via interfaith dialogue within the community. I fully support â€Å"The earth cannot be changed for the better unless the consciousness of the individual is changed first (Takim 347).† Takim, L. From Conversation to Conversation: Interfaith Dialogue in Post 9-11 America. Hartford Seminary, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2015.

Practicing financial planning (easy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Practicing financial planning (easy) - Essay Example Regarding the matter of income, their projections is to stay in their current salaried employment until the age of retirement. They expect their savings to have risen significantly at the point in time of their retirement. At the moment, they do not seem to have any plans of starting any form of business. Their current levels of income are sufficient to meet their needs and make plans for the future. However, the unpredictable nature of inflation often causes challenges in retirement planning (Carlson 41). The clients do not have any pending matters regarding taxation. They do not foresee any challenges that arise from unresolved financial matters. They seem to be comfortable in servicing the school loan and car loan, which they quote at 100,000 dollars and 30,000 dollars respectively. On this note, it might be argued that some of the issues that connect to the matter of expenses might require both long-term and short-term approaches. The clients did not provide any information regarding their status of health. They did not disclose any information on whether they have any history of lifestyle diseases. Some of the issues that continue to engage the attention of the client is the manner in which they shall pull their resources together towards strengthening their financial base. On this note, they require the kind of planning that would harness their current strengths while exploring opportunities for improved financial

Production of Wine From Fruits and Value Addition

Production of Wine From Fruits and Value Addition Production of wine from fruits and value addition by blending medicinal plants Vinayaka B. Shet, Sagar  S.D., Bollamma,  M.N., Mary Teena  J. Abstract: Wine is an alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented fruit juice. The fruits used in the study were Wild Grapes, Guava, Sapota, Fig, Pomegranate, Kokum, and blends of Guava with Kokum and Sapota with Ginger, Tulsi, Tinospora and Coleus aromaticus. The musts of the fruits were extracted, pasteurized and subjected to anaerobic fermentation by inoculating with baker’s yeast with an initial pH of 3.5- 4 and initial sugar concentration of 18-20ËÅ ¡Brix at room temperature. Then wine was subjected to malolactic fermentation using Oenococcus oeni. The residual concentration of all the samples was found to be less than 1g/L, fixed acidity in terms of tartaric acid equivalent was found to be in the range of 13.93g/L to 3.31g/L, radical scavenging activity in terms of ascorbic acid equivalent was found to be in the range 0.15-0.5mg/ml, percentage of alcohol was found to be in the range of 8.5-9.8%. Key words: Wine, Acidity, Residual sugar, alcohol 1. Introduction Wine is a popular drink being enjoyed all over the world. Historians believe that wine was being made in Caucasus and Mesopotamia as early as 6000 BC. Rig-Veda amply testifies that the wine is perhaps the oldest fermented product known to man. It has been made in India for as many as 5,000 years. In developing countries like India 20-30% of fruits produced are wasted due to lack of proper utilization, post-harvest and processing technology. By converting the waste into value added products like wine is a smart solution for this problem (Reddy et al., 2009). Wine is an alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented fruit juice. Any fruit with good proportion of sugar may be used in producing wine and the resultant wine is normally named after the fruit. The type of wine to be produced dictates the fruit and strain of yeast to be involved. Preservatives used in wine making include sulphur-dioxide potassium sorbate, sorbic acid and metabisulphides. Wine is one of the functional fermente d foods and has many health benefits. These include anti-ageing effects in red grape skins, improvement of lung function from antioxidants in white wine, reduction in coronary heart disease, development of healthier blood vessels in elderly people, reduction in ulcer-causing bacteria, destruction of cancer cells by protein present in red grape skins, prevention of stroke by keeping the arteries clean by polyphones in red grape skins, decreasing ovarian cancer risk in women and making the bones stronger. Epidemiological evidence has been provided showing that constituents in fruits are beneficial to human health and contribute to the prevention of degenerative processes caused by oxidative stress (Bansal et al., 2009). Fruits contain many different dietary phytonutrients with strong antioxidant capacities; such as: phenolics, which include flavonoids and phenolic acids; carotenoids; and vitamins. Dietary intake of plant phenolics are inversely related to coronary heart disease and ac t as anti-ulcer, antispasmodic, anti-secretory, or anti-diarrheal agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Certain flavonoids have been shown to inhibit the activity of free radical generating enzymes aldose reductase, which cause diabetic cataracts and tumor growth in modelled systems .The concentration of some minerals in wine is important due to health impact of minerals, their role in the stability of wine, possibility of toxicological risks and food regulations. The mineral profile of wines has also been proposed as a possible fingerprint that could be used to characterize wines based on their geographical origin (Bisson et al., 2002). Fruits like guava and pomegranate are easy to culture, possess high nutritive value and its products like juices, beverages nectars, etc. are largely appreciated by the consumers. Average energy contribution to total energy intake is estimated to be 10- 20% among adults. These fruits are difficult to keep for long and are utilized either as fresh or processed juice and specialty products. High rate wastage of these fruits necessitates the need for alternative preservation a post-harvest technologies. Evidences have shown how fruit consumption can play an important role in the prevention of many diseases linked to oxidative stress such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases. These biological activities have been mainly attributed to phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and elligitanins. In general fruit wines are processed in the same way as wine made from grapes and significant compositional changes take part during wine making. Likewise phenolic compounds are not only health promoti ng bioactivities but also greatly contribute to the sensory properties of stuff by alternating colour taste (Gurvinder et al.,2011).Fruit juices contain water and 20% carbohydrates, 1% organic acids and trace amounts of organic acids, phenolics, vitamins, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. The sugars, organic acids and phenolics give the juice its flavour, while the vitamins, minerals and nitrogenous compounds are, in many cases, essential to yeast growth and fermentation. Wine has a similar composition, but has much lower levels of sugar (none in dry wines), 8-13% alcohol and a greater range of minor components (Mena et al., 2012). 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Crushing All the glass wares, strainers and fruits were washed with 50ppm Potassium metabisulfite solutions (KMS). Crushing of the fruits was carried out by hands and pestle-mortar (where required). The fruit paste (must) along with the seeds and the skins was pasteurized at 70-80ËÅ ¡C for 15 minutes. After pasteurization, the must was filtered using strainers and 500ml of the juice was extracted (Ganjyal et al., 2005). 2.2 Blending medicinal plants To incorporate medicinal value, must was blended separately with Ginger, Tulsi, Tinospora and Coleus aromaticus. ( Shipra et al.,2012, Subir kumar et al., 2005,) 2.3 Estimation of initial sugar concentration Initial sugar was estimated for all the must using a hydrometer. Initial sugar was measured in terms of ËÅ ¡Brix. Final sugar concentration was adjusted to 18ËÅ ¡Brix. In order to bring the sugar concentration to the required value, table sugar was added to carry out chapitalization (Gurvinder et al.,2011). 2.4 Adjustment of initial pH The required pH for this procedure is approx. 3.5. Initial pHHhhhhHoinjn of the fruit juice was checked using a pH meter. If the pH was found to be above 3.5, it was adjusted by adding tartarate crystals (Oliveira et al., 2011). 2.5 Innoculum preparation After adjusting the sugar concentration and the pH, all the juices were kept for fermentation. For this 1g of yeast was added in 10 ml of distilled water for regeneration. This solution was acclimatized to the juice for 10 minutes and then it was added to the flask containing the juice. 2.6 Alcoholic batch fermentation To prevent contamination, 50ppm KMS was added to the fermentation apparatus. The mouth of the flask was fitted with a cork + U-shaped airlock assembly to maintain anaerobic condition. The airlock was half filled with KMS solution. The flask is fit with an airlock to prevent the entry of oxygen and to facilitate release of carbon dioxide and hence maintains the anaerobic condition. All the wine samples were kept at room temperature (25-30ËÅ ¡C) for batch fermentation. 2.7 Malolactic fermentation The culture of Oenococcus oeni was procured from NCIM, pune in freeze dried form. To each of the fermented wine samples, 0.1 ml of the culture was added and kept for malolactic fermentation for 7 days (Edwards et al., 1989). 2.8 Analytical methods Initial sugar concentration in terms of Brix was determined using hydrometer. The residual sugar concentration was estimated on daily basis using the DNSA method. Acidity of the wine was determined by titration method. The radical scavenging activity of the wine samples was calculated using DPPH assay. The percentage of ethanol present in the wine samples was estimated using GC. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Estimation of initial sugar concentration Initial sugar concentration plays major role in fermentation and alcohol concentration. Soon after crushing fruits estimation of initial sugar concentration was done using a hydrometer. Then concentration was adjusted to 18 Brix by chapitalization. (Fig.1).The initial sugar concentration ( ºBrix) was found to be highest in sapota (15.2 ºBrix) and lowest in guava (1.3 ºBrix). The sugar concentrations were made up to approximately 18-20 ºBrix by adding table sugar. Fig. 1: Initial sugar concentration. 3.2 Estimation of residual sugar The residual concentration of all the samples was found to be less than 1g/L and hence there is no chance of contamination at the time of wine storage. (Fig.2) Shelf life will be more. 3.3 Estimation of acidity The fixed acidity in terms of tartaric acid equivalent was found to be highest in pomegranate (5.87g/L) and lowest in sapota and ginger (3.31g/L).(Fig.3) Fig.2: Residual sugar Fig.3:Acidity of the wine 3.4 Radical Scavenging Activity The radical scavenging activity of the wine samples was calculated using DPPH assay and was found to be as follows in terms of ascorbic acid equivalent. The radical scavenging activity for all the samples in terms of ascorbic acid equivalent was found to be in the range 0.15-0.5mg/ml. (Fig.4). Fig. 4 Radical scavenging activity 3.5 Ethanol Estimation The percentage of ethanol present in the wine samples was estimated using ceric ammonium nitrate reagent and the resulting percentage was obtained. The percentage of alcohol for all the wine samples was found to be in the range of 9.0-10.5%. The highest ethanol content is present in pomegranate. (Fig.5) 4. Conclusion After analyzing the wine that was produced from different fruits and blending combination it was found that the residual sugar concentration was less than 1g/L. The fixed acidity was maximum in Guava wine 5.87 g/L , Wild grapes showed the maximum radical scavenging activity, 0.496 mg/ml and the maximum ethanol content of 10.3% was found in pomegranate. The fixed acidity of most of the fruits was found to be less than 5.5g/L. Quality of the wine can be improved further to match market requireme Fig.5: % of ethanol in wine. References Bansal N, Soni R. and Soni S.K, 2009. Standardization of conditions for fermentation and maturation of wine from Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), Natural Product Radiance. Vol. 8(4), pp.436-444. Bisson L.F0, 2002, â€Å"An Introduction to Wine Production, University of California, Davis. Edwards.G.C and Beelman, 1989,Inducing malolactic fermentation in wine, Vol. 7, pp. 336-360. Ganjyal G.M., Hanna N.A. and Devadattam .D.S.K., 2005, Processing of sapota, pp. 326-330, Journal of Food technology. Gurvinder S.K and Pooja, 2011, Status of wine production from guava (Psidium guajava L.): A traditional fruit of India†, African Journal of Food Science, Vol. 5 (16), pp. 851-860. Mena P., Vilaplana A.G., Martà ­ N., Viguera G.C.,2012,â€Å"Pomegranate varietal wines: Phytochemical composition and quality parameters†,pp. 108-11. M.E.S Oliveira, Pantoja.L, et.al., 2011, Fruit wine produced from cagaita(Eugenia dysenterica DC) by both free and immomibilised yeast cell fermentation. Reddy V. L and Reddy V.S, 2009, Production, optimization and characterization of wine from Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.), Natural Product Radiance., Vol. 8(4), pp.426-435. Shipra Bhargava, Kshipra Dhabhai, Amla Batra, Asha Sharma and Bharti Malhotra, 2012, Zingiber Officinale : Chemical and phytochemical screening and evaluation of its antimicrobial activities, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 4(1), pp. 360-364. Subir kumar Das and Vasudevan D.M, 2005, â€Å"Tulsi the Indian Holy Power plant†, Natural Product Radiance. Vol. 5(4), pp.279-283.

The Scafolding Vs. The Forest Essay -- essays research papers

Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, a dark tale of sin and redemption, centers on the small Puritan community of Boston during the seventeenth century. In the center of this bustling community is the market place. With in it are all the central features of the town, the most symbolic of these is the scaffold. Many a soul is scarred upon this scaffold. It is a place of intense scrutiny and upon it, reality comes into a brutal light. In exceptional contrast to the scaffold is the forest beyond the town. Here, there is no judgement and reality waxes and wanes. Hawthorne creates this place for the characters to escape and themselves without restraint or worry. The comparison is clear: the market place, especially the scaffold, represents the harsh reality of Puritan society and the forest provides escape. The scaffold is the center of criticism. Here, any unfortunate soul to climb the stairs is subject to the superficial examination by the eyes of society. Those below the scaffold see a light of the character distorted by their own jealousies and suspicions, and clouded by gossip. Where the truth may be unacceptable to them, it is substituted by things society coerced them to believe. Those on the scaffold experience reality. The only comfort is the ability to see beyond the town from this pernicious pedestal. As Hester spends her allotted time in the spotlight, her mind escapes as she gazes off into the distance. But while some are able to escape, others such as Dimmesd...